內容簡介
聽眾楊竣堯想知道應該怎樣區分動詞 「spin、whirl、rotate」 和 「revolve」 之間的不同。雖然這四個動詞都有 「旋轉、轉動」 的意思,但它們在描述 「旋轉」 的具體方式時是有區別的。在這四個近義詞當中,哪兩個強調物體 「快速地旋轉」?在描述地球 「自轉」 和 「公轉」 時,應該分別使用哪個詞?本期節目通過介紹這四個詞在不同生活場景中的具體用法來辨析它們之間的區別。
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文字稿
(關於台詞的備註: 請注意這不是廣播節目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有呈現錄製、編輯過程中對節目做出的改變。)
Feifei
大家好,歡迎收聽 BBC英語教學的 「你問我答」 節目,我是馮菲菲。我們在每集節目中回答一個來自聽眾的提問。不論是英語中的語法難點、疑難詞彙,還是有關英國生活文化方面的問題,你們提問,我們回答。聽眾楊竣堯在給我們的來信中寫到:
Question
「我在讀英文的時候,發現了一些意思很像的單字,但是我不是很清楚他們之間的差別。比如,單字 『spin、whirl、rotate’ 和 『revolve’。」
Feifei
看來楊竣堯在閱讀的時候被一組近義詞難住了,它們分別是 「spin、whirl、rotate」 和 「revolve」。在翻閱詞典後不難發現,這四個動詞都有 「旋轉、轉動」 的意思,但實際上,它們各自所描述的 「旋轉」 的方式是有區別的。
接下來,讓我們通過生活中具體的例子來理解 「spin、whirl、rotate」 和 「revolve」 分別是怎麼 「轉」 的。
首先,來看 「spin」。「Spin」 指物體 「快速、連續地旋轉」。比如,玩具 「陀螺」 的英文名稱就是 「spinning tops」;還有,近年來非常流行的 「指尖陀螺」 就叫做 「fidget spinners」。在這兩個玩具名稱當中,「spin」 都表示玩具 「高速旋轉」 的動作。
來聽一個例句,加深對 「spin」 的理解。句中描述一位滑冰者 「a skater」 做出的高難度動作:滑冰者躍入空中、旋轉了四周。注意:「spin」 的過去式是 「spun」。請聽例句。
Example
The skater jumped and spun four times in the air, leaving the crowd in awe.
Feifei
除了形容物體 「高速、連續地旋轉」 以外,「spin」 也可以描述人 「感到眩暈」。比如:My head was spinning after the roller coaster ride. 坐完過山車之後,我感到天旋地轉。
下面來說說 「whirl」。它也可以表示事物 「快速旋轉」,但它和 「spin」 之間有幾個非常細微的差別:首先,「spin」 所表示的旋轉速度和強度都高於 「whirl」;第二, 「spin」 強調 「圍繞一個中心」 旋轉。比如,描述一台滾筒洗衣機 「快速轉動」,就應該用 「spin」:A washing machine spins. 而不能用 「whirl」 來描述這種 「轉動」。「Whirl」 通常描述物體 「邊移動邊旋轉」,是一種帶有美感的優雅旋轉動作。比如:雪花飄落 snowflakes whirling down。
接著我們轉看單字 「rotate」。「Rotate」 也有 「旋轉」 的意思,但它往往指 「物體圍繞軸心或中心自轉」。來聽一個例句,句子的意思是:「地球連續自轉,帶來了白天與黑夜的變換。」
Example
The Earth rotates on its axis continuously, which brings the change from day to night.
Feifei
最後,我們來講講 「revolve」。它的意思是 「圍繞、環繞自身以外的一個中心旋轉」。比如:to revolve around the Sun 圍繞太陽轉動。我們在前面提到,描述 「地球自轉」 的時候應該用 「rotate」,而在描述地球圍繞太陽 「公轉」
的時候,應該使用 「revolve」。「The Earth revolves around the Sun. 地球圍繞太陽公轉。」
好了,我來總結一下以上講到的內容。動詞 「spin」 和 「whirl」 都可以表示物體 「快速、連續地旋轉」,「spin」 強調 「繞著一個軸心猛烈、快速、連續地轉動」,也可以描述一個人 「感到天旋地轉」;而 「whirl」 用來描述物體 「快速地、邊移動邊旋轉」,多描述優雅的 「旋轉」 動作。動詞 「rotate」 所表達的 「旋轉」 形容物體 「圍繞軸心、軸線自轉」;而 「revolve」 則描述物體 「圍繞自身外的一個中心轉動」。
如果你在英語學習中遇到了疑問,歡迎把問題發送到我們的電子信箱,電子郵件地址是 [email protected],你也可以透過微博 「BBC英語教學」 與我們取得聯繫。謝謝收聽 「你問我答」 節目。我是馮菲菲。下次再見!
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