Expectation 中文

期望

Expectancy

教育大辭書

名詞解釋: 所謂「期望」是指個人對事物主觀的預期。認知學習理論中「認知圖」(Cognitive Map)的實驗是以白鼠為受試，學習走迷津。實驗結果是白鼠學到了認知圖，而非只是刺激與反應的聯結而已。這種學習除了認知符號的因素外，學者認為由符號激起受試某種的期望也是重要的因素。蓋聶(R.M. Gagné)所提出的「學習與記憶模式」中也指出「執行控制」與「期望」在個體訊息處理的歷程中會產生重要的影響。蓋聶認為期望是學習者想要達到別人或自己所訂定的學習目標的一種特殊動機，這種動機引導學習者採用某些方法或策略來產生學習。因此期望與個人的動機或所謂的抱負水準都有密切的關係。學習者的動機來自於個人過去的學習經驗所形成的期望，任何的學習情境都會激發個人形成追求成功或逃避失敗兩種主要的動機。當學習者預期自己可以表現得很好時，就會努力追求成功，接受挑戰。當學習者預期自己不可能成功時，就會逃避學習情境，拒絕學習，但是會去做一些自己會做的事來避免失敗的經驗。因此一個人的期望影響個人的學習表現。而學習時有所謂的「自我應驗預言」，是指教師的期望對學習者造成的影響。教師如果認為學生有能力，學生往往會表現得更好；教師如果認為學生已無藥可救，學生則會變本加厲，製造出更多的行為問題。

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We have also made it explicitly known to HEC that Government’s approval of the 2004 to 2008 Financial Plan should not pre-empt Government’s consideration of future regulation of and arrangements for the electricity market after

[...]

2008, nor should it

[...] give rise to anyexpectationof renewal or extension of the SCA or anyexpectationof entitlement [...]

to cost recovery and/or

[...]

return on investments in the relevant assets.

legco.gov.hk

我們亦已明確

[...] 地告知港燈，政府批准其二零零四至二零零八年度財政計劃，不會限制政府考慮二零零八年以後電力市場的規管及安排，亦不應產生任 何期望， 以為管制協議會續訂或延期，或可因投資在有關資產而有權收回費用及／或獲得回報。

legco.gov.hk

The Group assesses annually the residual value and

[...]

the useful life of the plant and

[...] equipment and if theexpectationdiffers from the original [...]

estimate, such a difference

[...]

may impact the depreciation in the year and the estimate will be changed in the future period.

equitynet.com.hk

本集團每年評估廠房及設備的剩餘價值和使用年期，假如預期與原先估計出現差異，可能影響年中的折舊和更改將來期間估計。

equitynet.com.hk

Professor

[...] Young told the Commission that a number of unfortunate circumstances converged on HKIEd, including the funding cuts (which applied to all institutions), the demographics leading to a substantial reduction in the demand for teachers and therefore cuts or potential cuts for teacher education providers (a particularly serious problem for a “mono-technic” HEI such as HKIEd), the community’s increasingexpectationthat all teachers should be graduates with degrees and therefore sub-degree places (HKIEd being the major provider) had to be reduced, some of HKIEd’s staff inherited from the former teacher training colleges (civil servants) were paid on a higher scale than university professors when they were not trained or prepared to teach up to degree level, and that TEIs were not attracting the best students (common [...] [...]

to all TEIs although it was more serious in the case of HKIEd).

legco.gov.hk

楊教授對委員會說，教院遇上多項不幸情況，其中包括削減經費( 所有院校均需同樣面對) ；人口結構改變導致教師的需求銳減，以至對師資培訓院校的資助亦減少或可能減少( 對於像教院這樣的 “單一專科”高等院校，問題尤為嚴重) ；社會對教師的要求日高，認為所有教師都應具備大學畢業的資格，因此，副學位程度的學額須減少( 教院是提供副學位課程的主要院校) ；接收自以前的師範學院的教院職員( 公務員) 都按高於大學教授的薪級表支薪，但他們卻沒有受過有關訓練或未作好準備教授學位課程；以及師資培訓院校招收不到最好的學生( 這是所有師資培訓院校都面對的問題，但教院的情況尤為嚴重) 。

legco.gov.hk

Here again, the fundamental handicap stemmed from

[...] the unrealisticexpectationplaced on some [...]

Central and Support Services to report

[...]

using a service logic that had not been internalized nor used in the preparation of their plans.

unesdoc.unesco.org

这里的主要问题产生于类似前面的那种不切实际的期望：一些中央服务机构和支助服务机构在拟订计划时既没有消化吸收服务思维也没有使用服务 [...]

思维，却要求它们使用服务思维来报告自己的工作。

unesdoc.unesco.org

As indicated in paragraph 14.30 of the proposed programme budget (A/66/6 (Sect. 14)), the projected resource requirements for 2012-2013 are based on: (a) the confidence expressed by

[...]

Member States in the UNEP programme of work,

[...] and hence theexpectationof an increase [...]

in the contribution to the Environment

[...]

Fund; (b) the projected increase in trust funds directly supporting the UNEP programme of work; and (c) the increase in earmarked contributions as a result of the expected normal growth in that area of support.

daccess-ods.un.org

如拟议方案预算(A/66/6,(Sect.14))第

[...]

14.30 段所述，2012-2013 年所需资源预测的依据是：(a)

[...] 会员国对环境署的工作方案表示信任，因此对环境基金的捐 款预计会 增加； (b) 直接支助环境署工作方案的各信托基金的资源预计会增加；(c) [...]

专用捐款会增加，因为预计该支助领域会正常增长。

daccess-ods.un.org

b. However, the Government has been slow in

[...] [...] adopting measures for meeting the growing civic society and communityexpectationof greater involvement and higher interactivity in public policy making.

procommons.org.hk

b. 然而，特區政府在回應公民社會以至整體社會對更大程度參與、互動制定公共政策的訴求，反應遲緩。

procommons.org.hk

Partnerships with the European Union and the African Union and collaboration with other entities will continue to grow and deepen in the coming years, and new entities will be added to

[...]

the list (such as ASEAN, CSTO,

[...] UNITAR, etc.), with theexpectationthat the total will increase [...]

to 15 principal collaborators

[...]

and almost 30 additional collaborating entities in the 2010/11 period.

daccess-ods.un.org

今后数年将继续发展和加深同欧洲联盟和非洲联盟的伙伴关系和同其

[...] 他实体的合作，并将增加新的实体(如东盟、集体安全条约组织、训研所等 ) ，预期在 2010/11 年度期间总数将增加到 15 个主要合作伙伴和近 30 [...]

个其他合作实体。

daccess-ods.un.org

Amounts charged to the allowance

[...] account are generally written off when there is noexpectationof recovering additional cash.

wingtaiproperties.com

當預期不會收回額外現金，則於備付賬戶扣除之款項一般予以撇銷。

wingtaiproperties.com

The Executive Committee greatly appreciates the effort of Islamic

[...]

Republic of Iran to reduce ODS consumption and

[...] expresses theexpectationthat in the next [...]

two years, the Islamic Republic of Iran

[...]

will continue the progress achieved, sustain and build upon its current level of CFC reductions to achieve complete CFC phase-out in order to comply with the Protocol’s reduction schedules and achieve its phase-out targets as stipulated in its Agreement with the Executive Committee, including efforts to prepare HPMP to address the HCFC accelerated freeze and phase-out schedule.

multilateralfund.org

执行委员会非常赞赏伊朗伊斯兰共和国为减少消耗臭氧层物质所做出的努力，并且希望它在今后两年内继续取得进展，维持和利用其现有氟氯化 [...]

碳削减成果，以期按照《蒙特利尔议定书》的削减时间表实现完全淘汰的目标，并按照它与执行委员会签订的《协议》完成其淘汰目标，包括为按时完成氟氯烃加快冻结和淘汰目

[...]

标而编制氟氯烃淘汰管理计划。

multilateralfund.org

(d) Action by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations to ensure that notes verbales sent to permanent missions seeking personnel, such as military observers, individual contributions to the police component of a United Nations operation and seconded

[...]

corrections officers, make Member States

[...] aware of theexpectationof the Secretariat [...]

that any person who serves as part

[...]

of a United Nations operation is to have received predeployment training in relation to the zero tolerance policy and is aware that certain conduct may amount to a crime for which they will be held accountable.

pseataskforce.org

(d) 维持和平行动部采取行动，在发给各常驻代表团征求提供军事观察员、

[...] 联合国行动警察部分人员、借调惩戒干事等各类人员的普通照会中，确保会员国了解，秘书处的期望是，参加联合国行动的任何人员都在部署前接受过关于零容 [...]

忍政策的训练，并且认识到某些行为可能构成犯罪，因而要追究责任。

pseataskforce.org

A total of 49 field offices made submissions for document 33 C/3. By presenting many and detailed field offices assessments in the C/3

[...]

document, as well as activity forms on the

[...] website, theexpectationis that the reader’s [...]

perception of the nature of the

[...]

Organization and its delivery mechanisms will change since in previous C/3 documents the field offices were hardly visible.

unesdoc.unesco.org

共49个总部外办事处为33 C/3提交了报告：通过

[...] 在C/3中介绍总部外办事处的许多详细评估情况以及在万维网上的活动方式，期望将改变读者对本组织的性质及其实施机制 [...]

的看法，因为，在以前的C/3中，很少见到总部外办事处的情况。

unesdoc.unesco.org

Forward-looking statements included in this press release

[...]

include, but are not

[...] limited to, Seagate'sexpectationregarding restructuring costs, operating expenses and integration costs, Seagate'sexpectationthat the transactions [...]

and agreements will

[...]

be meaningfully accretive to non-GAAP diluted earnings per share and cash flow in the first full year following the closing, and statements relating to the anticipated benefits of the transaction and the opportunities in the mobile computing market, cloud computing market and solid state storage.

seagate.com

本新聞稿所包含的預測說明，包括但不限於 Seagate 對重組成本、營運費用與整合成本 的期望、 Se agate 對交易與協議能在交易結束後的一整年期間，大幅提升非 GAAP 稀釋後每股盈餘與現金流量的期望、與交易預期效益有關的說明，以及與行動運算市場、雲端運算市場和固態儲存領域之商機有關的說明。

seagate.com

Where theexpectationis different [...]

from the original estimate, such differences will impact the recognition of deferred

[...]

tax assets and taxation in the periods in which such estimate is changed.

vindapaper.com

倘預期結果與原先的估計不同，有關差額會 [...]

影響對有關估計出現變動的期間內遞延稅項資產及稅項的確認。

vindapaper.com

Businesses tend to focus on the requirements of their legal licence to operate, only slowly discovering that in many situations meeting

[...]

legal requirements alone may fall short of

[...] the universalexpectationthat they operate [...]

with respect for human rights – especially,

[...]

but not only, where laws are inadequate or not enforced.

daccess-ods.un.org

工商业往往把注意力集中在它们获得合法经营许可所需要的条件上，只是慢慢才发现在许多情况下，仅仅符合法

[...] 定要求也许还不能达到人们对它们以尊重人权的方式进行经营的普遍 期望― ―特别但不仅仅是在那些法律还不健全或者没有得到执行的地方。

daccess-ods.un.org

Progress is our goal, and ourexpectationthereof is justified by the proven ability of our system of government to deliver the progress our people demand and deserve.

daccess-ods.un.org

进步是我们的目标，而我国的政府系统已经证明有能力为人民带来他们所要求和应得的进步，因此我们对进步的希望绝非空想。

daccess-ods.un.org

The generalexpectationis that trade [...]

liberalization will result in welfare gains for developing countries.

daccess-ods.un.org

普遍预期是：贸易自由化将为发展中国家带来福利收益。

daccess-ods.un.org

The Executive Committee

[...] expressed theexpectationthat, in the [...]

next two years, Somalia will continue the implementation

[...]

of the licensing and quota system and of its HCFC phase-out management plan, and sustain zero CFC consumption and achieve subsequent HCFC phase out targets.

multilateralfund.org

执行委员会表示期望，在今后两年内，索马里将继续执行许可证和配额制度及其氟氯烃淘汰管理计划，维持氟氯化 [...]

碳的零消费和实现嗣后氟氯烃淘汰目标。

multilateralfund.org

Such statements include statements

[...] regarding ourexpectationthat: the acquisition [...]

is expected to close in the fourth quarter

[...]

of 2012; the acquisition of Power Analog Microelectronics will strengthen our position as a global provider of high-quality analog products by expanding Diodes' product portfolio with innovative "filter-less" digital audio amplifiers, application-specific power management ICs, as well as high-performance LED drivers and DC-DC converters; the highly complementary nature of our businesses will provide immediate benefits to our customers, while generating long-term value for our shareholders and employees; and there are tremendous synergies to be leveraged through the acquisition.

ipress.com.hk

該等陳述包括有關公司的預期：收購計劃將於二零一二年第四季度完成；這次收購龍鼎微電子公司 [...]

(Power Analog Microelectronics) 將可擴展Diodes的產品陣容，從而加強我們作為環球優質模擬產品供應商的地位，包括創新的『無濾波器』數碼音頻放大器、特殊應用功率管理集成電路，以及高性能LED驅動器與DC-DC轉換器；有關公司旗下各種業務相輔相成，將可即時為客戶提供效益，長遠來說更為股東及員工帶來價值；這次收購有助促進雙方的協作關係。

ipress.com.hk

Israel urges the Secretary-General to express

[...] the unequivocalexpectationof the international [...]

community for the immediate release

[...]

of Staff Sergeant Shalit, and for prompt rectification of this grave situation which is contrary to the most fundamental standards of human rights.

daccess-ods.un.org

以色列促请秘书长表达国际社会明确无误的 期望， 立刻释放 Shalit 上士，及时纠正这一违反最基本的人权标准的严重情况。

daccess-ods.un.org

pawnbroker” means a person carrying on business by advancing on interest,

[...] or for or inexpectationof profit, gain [...]

or reward, any sum of money on the security

[...]

of goods taken by such person in pawn.

police.gov.hk

當押商」指經營貸出款項的業務的人，而該人是爲賺取利息，或爲獲得或期望獲得利潤、收益或報酬而貸出款項的，並以當押取得的物品 [...]

作爲抵押。

police.gov.hk

In view of the fast growing domestic footwear industry in the PRC, which leads to the

[...]

diversification of footwear materials and increase

[...] in customers’expectationin product quality [...]

and technical services provided by supplier,

[...]

the Group plans to expand its business in the domestic market by expanding the current distribution network in the PRC by promoting its products to the domestic footwear manufacturers for domestic sale in the PRC.

cre8ir.com

鑑於中國國內

[...] 鞋業發展迅速，致使鞋履材料多樣化，客戶對產品質量及供應商所提供的技術服務有更高期望，本集團計劃透過在中國國內銷售當中向國內鞋履製 [...]

造商推廣其產品，拓展現有國內分銷網絡，進而擴大國內市場的業務。

cre8ir.com

Whereexpectationis different [...]

from an original estimate, the difference will impact the carrying values of inventories

[...]

and may result in write-downs of inventories in the period in which such estimates have been changed.

westchinacement.com

一旦期望與最初估計有異，該等差異將影響存貨的賬面值並可能導致於有關估計變動的期間撇銷存貨。

westchinacement.com

As the Secretary-General stated in one of his most recent reports on protection of civilians in armed conflict, in many conflicts, it is to a large degree the absence of

[...]

accountability and, worse still, the lack in many

[...] instances of anyexpectationthereof that [...]

allows violations to thrive.

daccess-ods.un.org

正如秘书长在其关于武装冲突中保护平民的最后报告中所说，“在许多冲突

[...] 中，因缺乏责任追究，而且更糟的是，在许多情况下没有对责任追究的预期，很大程度上纵容了违法行为泛滥”。

daccess-ods.un.org

UNMIK is devoting close attention to issues affecting relations between the communities to facilitate regional cooperation, including through its presence at meetings; to focus on northern Kosovo, including by exercising administrative responsibilities in northern Mitrovica; to engage with all interested parties on issues relating to cultural and religious heritage; and to offer its good offices for the resolution of

[...]

practical issues between Pristina and

[...] Belgrade in theexpectationthat more direct [...]

channels of dialogue for the resolution

[...]

of such issues can be activated between the parties.

daccess-ods.un.org

科索沃特派团密切关注影响族裔关系的问题，以

[...]

便促进区域合作，包括参加会议；重点侧重科索沃北部，包括在米特罗维察北部行使行政职责；与所有感兴趣方面接触，以解决有关文化和宗教遗产问题；并

[...] 提供斡旋，争取解决贝尔格莱德和普里什蒂纳之间存在的实际问题，希望能在双方之间建立更直接的对话渠道，以便解决这些问题。

daccess-ods.un.org

He also reiterated theexpectationthat existing [...]

oil contracts would be maintained and indicated interest in expanding investment in the sector.

crisisgroup.org

他还重申了对于维持现有石油合同的期望，并表示有意扩大对石油行业的投资。

crisisgroup.org

ITRI is seeking companies that are interested in accepting a transfer of this

[...]

technology for their own Willow Glass

[...] processing, with theexpectationthat this processing [...]

technology could extend to applications,

[...]

such as flexible touch panels, flat panel displays, solar panels and OLED lighting.

tipschina.gov.cn

工研院正在寻求有意受让这项技术并将这项技术用于Willow玻璃加工的公司，预计这项技术可以扩展到诸如柔性触控面板、平面显示器、太阳能电池板和OLED照明等用途。

tipschina.gov.cn

Now that the population has tasted reform, and the country as a

[...]

whole has been infused

[...] with a powerful new sense of optimism andexpectation,it seems unlikely that any reactionary [...]

faction would have the

[...]

ability, or the desire, to turn back the clock.

crisisgroup.org

现在缅甸人民初尝改革成果，这为整个国家注入了一股强劲而又崭新的乐观精神和期待感，任何反动势力都不太可能有能力或 愿望来 让时光倒流，扭转改革的局面。

crisisgroup.org

The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea acceded to the NPT

[...] in 1985 in theexpectationthat the Treaty [...]

would prevent the United States from introducing

[...]

nuclear weapons into South Korea, remove the nuclear threat of the United States and benefit us in the field of nuclear energy development.

daccess-ods.un.org

朝鲜民主主义人民共和国于 1985 年加入《不扩散条约》，是期望该条约会阻止美国在南朝鲜部署核武器、消除美国的核威胁以及有助于我国核能 [...]

开发工作。

daccess-ods.un.org

Where the

[...] actual outcome orexpectationin future is [...]

different from the original estimate, such differences will impact

[...]

the carrying value of trade debtors and other receivables and doubtful debt expenses/written back in the period in which the estimate has been changed.

evoc.cn

若未來的實際情況或預計有別於原有估計，則有 [...]

關差額將影響到改變有關估計的期間內應收賬款及其他應收款項的賬面值及所支銷 ╱ 回撥的呆賬。

evoc.cn

With a view to increasing capacity and

[...] respond to theexpectationof rigorous management [...]

of IGO issues in the Field, as

[...]

it was not possible to increase the number of staff at Headquarters, the IGO was envisaging the creation of field-based units, and would be assessing the increased means required to implement this in the future.

daccess-ods.un.org

为提高外地

[...] 办事处的能力和回应外地办事处对于严格管理监察主任办公室的期待 ― ― 由于不可能增加总部工作人员的人数――监察主任办公室正考虑设立外地机构并将评估 [...]

未来实施该计划需要增加哪些资源。

daccess-ods.un.org